ABSTRACT
Corneal refractive surgery and intraocular collamer lens(ICL)implantation are the mainstream refractive surgery methods at present. Many studies have proved that ICL implantation can effectively improve the postoperative visual acuity of patients. ICL implantation has gained favor among refractive doctors and patients because of its multiple advantages. Excellent postoperative visual acuity and visual quality are the key factors to improve patients' satisfaction. In order to evaluate the subjective and objective visual quality of patients after operation and avoid complications, this article reviews the visual quality and postoperative complications after ICL implantation.
ABSTRACT
@#AIM:To assess the clinical application of confocal microscopy combined with corneal scraping in the diagnosis and treatment of fungal keratitis.<p>METHODS: Totally 56 eyes of 56 patients with fungal keratitis from our hospital were included. All patients underwent confocal microscopy and cornea scraping for smear microscopy and fungal culture. The diagnostic yield was analyzed.<p>RESULTS: The positive diagnostic rates of confocal microscopy and cornea scraping were 91% and 54% respectively,whereas in combination the positive diagnostic rate increased to 95%. 44 eyes(79%)were clinically cured with drugs alone while 12 eyes(21%)also required surgery. <p>CONCLUSION: Confocal microscopy examination is non-invasive, with rapid detection and strong repeatability. When combined with corneal scraping it can be used to improve diagnostic yield and guide clinical therapy.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the inhibitory modulation of blood pressure by stimulation of the deep peroneal nerve (DPN) and to determine the involvement of nociceptive fibers in the modulation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All the animals were divided into six groups (A-F). The rats in groups A and B received no pretreatment. The rats in groups C and D received subcutaneous injection of capsaicin or control vehicle, respectively, near the DPN for 2 days. Those in groups E and F had the DPN exposed to capsaicin or control vehicle, respectively, for 20 min. Subsequently, pressor responses were induced by stimulation of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) either electrically (groups A and C C-F) or chemically via injection of glutamate (group B). After two stable pressor responses (baseline), all groups were subject to 5-min DPN stimulation followed by PVN stimulation for 10 s. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiogram were recorded. The pressor response was calculated as the difference in the mean arterial pressure (MAP) before and after PVN stimulation, and changes from baseline in pressor response after DPN stimulation were compared between the groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Increases of MAP of 22.88±2.18 mm Hg and 20.32±5.25 mm Hg were induced by electrical (group A) or chemical (group B) stimulation of the PVN, respectively. These pressor responses were inhibited by stimulation of the DPN, and the MAP was reduced to 12.00±2.10 mm Hg in group A (n=6, P<0.01) and 7.00±2.85 mm Hg in group B (n=6, P<0.01). Subcutaneous injection of capsaicin (125 mg/kg) near the DPN in group C (n=7) had no effect on the inhibitory effect of DPN stimulation compared with the group D (n=9), and neither did blockade of nociceptive fibers with capsaicin in group E (n=6) compared with group F (n=8).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Stimulation of the DPN mimicking acupuncture has an inhibitory effect on the pressor response, and the effect is mediated by capsaicin-insensitive afferent fibers in the DPN.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Acupuncture Therapy , Anesthesia , Blood Pressure , Capsaicin , Pharmacology , Electric Stimulation , Injections, Subcutaneous , Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus , Cell Biology , Peroneal Nerve , Physiology , Pressoreceptors , Physiology , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of nitric oxide in the inhibitory effect of somatic afferent input on the pressor response caused by electrical stimulation of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SD rats anesthetized by urethane were used in the study. Bipolar stainless stimulating electrode was inserted into PVN for electrical stimulation. Multi-barreled micropipettes were used for microinjection of L-NAME or normal saline into the lateral ventricle or amygdala. Deep peroneal nerve (DPN) was stimulated with electrical current pulses of 0.4 mA with duration of 0.5 ms at 4 Hz for 5 min. PVN was stimulated by electrical current pulses of 0.3 mA with duration of 0.5 ms at 80 Hz for 10 sec.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Electrical stimulation of PVN increased mean arterial pressure. Stimulation of DPN significantly inhibited the pressor response induced by stimulation of PVN (P<0.01), with the inhibitory percentage of 43.27%. Microinjection of L-NAME (0.5 mol/L,10 microl) into the lateral ventricle of brain attenuated the inhibitory effect of DPN. The inhibitory percentage decreased from 47.73% to 12.49% (P<0.05). Microinjection of L-NAME (2 mol/L,100 nl) into amygdala reduced the inhibitory effect of DPN. The inhibitory percentage of stimulating DPN on the pressor response decreased from 50.71% to 25.30% (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Nitric oxide in the brain and amygdala are involved in the inhibitory effect of somatic afferent input on central pressor response.</p>